kwashiorkor: A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning 'displaced child'. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Endpoint definition
↥Report an error or suggest an improvement for this endpoint codes
Endpoint definition steps |
FinnGen |
|---|---|
Phenotype data |
557745 |
1. Apply sex-specific ruleNone |
557745 |
2. Check conditionsNone |
557745 |
3. Check pre-conditions, main-only, mode, registry filtersRegistry filters: 2 out of 7 registries used, show all original rules. |
92 |
4. Check minimum number of eventsNone |
92 |
5. Include endpointsNone |
92 |
6. Filter based on genotype QC (FinnGen only) |
83 |
Control definitions (FinnGen only)
- Control exclude
- E4_MALNUTRITION
Extra metadata
- Level in the ICD hierarchy
- 3
- First used in FinnGen datafreeze
- DF2
- Parent code in ICD-10
- E40-E46
- Name in latin
- Malnutritio gravis ex deficientia proteino-energetica
Similar endpoints
↥List of similar endpoints to
Marasmic kwashiorkor
based on the number of shared cases.
Similar with more cases:
- Malnutrition
- Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
- Any operation in hilmo
- Any prescribed medicine buy
- Any event in hilmo or specialist outpatient
Similar with less cases:
None
Case counts by codes
↥
Summary Statistics
↥-FinRegistry-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | |||
| Whole population | 1073 | 584 | 487 |
| Only index persons | 804 | 455 | 349 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | |||
| Whole population | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Only index persons | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Median age at first event (years) | |||
| Whole population | 58.77 | 60.88 | 56.20 |
| Only index persons | 62.87 | 64.42 | 60.86 |
-FinnGen-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | 83 | 51 | 32 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Median age at first event (years) | 60.29 | 60.54 | 59.89 |
-FinRegistry-
Age distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Age distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Year distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Year distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Cumulative Incidence Function
-FinnGen-
Cumulative Incidence Function
No data
CodeWAS
↥CodeWAS is a tool for exploring the associations between an endpoint and all of the medical codes and drug codes.
This is a new tool, please reach out using the contact form for feedback and improvement ideas.
First, a cohort is built by matching controls to the endpoint cases using year of birth and sex. Then, a Fisher test is done for all the medical codes and drug codes between the cases and controls of this cohort. Codes are reported in the table below if they have −log10(p-value) ≥ 6.
Matched cohort
- Matched cases
- 87
- Matched controls
- 870
Code
Vocabulary
Description
Odds Ratio
-log10(p)
N matched cases
N matched controls
E42
ICD-10 Finland
Marasmic kwashiorkor
+∞
125.3
87
*
TPH15
NOMESCO Finland
Insertion of central venous catheter through external or internal jugular vein
11.8
22.3
27
32
GD1UA
NOMESCO Finland
Thorax X-ray examination outside radiological department
7.9
20.6
41
88
601
Kela drug reimbursment
Severe malabsorption of nutrients, mainly fats
63.9
17.9
20
*
UJD10
NOMESCO Finland
Esophagoscopy, gastroscopy and duodenoscopy
5.5
14.4
50
171
ZXD05
NOMESCO Finland
Urgent procedure
5.4
14.1
49
167
Z98.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified postsurgical states
41.1
11.7
14
*
JF1AB
NOMESCO Finland
Passage examination of small bowell with X-ray
32.9
11.1
14
5
Z71.3
ICD-10 Finland
Dietary counselling and surveillance
13.0
10.4
18
17
JAH00
NOMESCO Finland
Laparotomy
17.8
9.9
15
10
TPH90
NOMESCO Finland
Removal of fixed intravenous catheter
20.5
9.8
14
8
K56.6
ICD-10 Finland
Other and unspecified intestinal obstruction
21.5
9.3
13
7
GD1QA
NOMESCO Finland
Supine thorax X-ray examination
4.3
9.0
30
94
Z04.8
ICD-10 Finland
Examination and observation for other specified reasons
4.8
9.0
25
68
GD1AA
NOMESCO Finland
Thorax X-ray examination
4.1
8.8
60
307
TPH20
NOMESCO Finland
Insertion of central venous catheter through subclavian or brachiocephalic vein
31.0
8.7
11
*
123
Kela drug reimbursment
Chronic disorders of vitamin D metabolism
24.8
8.2
11
5
F32.9
ICD-10 Finland
Depressive episode, unspecified
4.9
8.2
21
53
JN3AE
NOMESCO Finland
Abdominal ultrasound examination
4.2
8.1
28
89
GD1PA
NOMESCO Finland
X-ray examination of the lungs in one projection
4.3
7.6
24
71
AA1AD
NOMESCO Finland
CT of head and brain
3.5
7.5
38
157
K91.2
ICD-10 Finland
Postsurgical malabsorption, not elsewhere classified
+∞
7.4
7
*
E44.0
ICD-10 Finland
Moderate protein-energy malnutrition
+∞
7.4
7
*
504
Kela drug reimbursment
Conditions requiring daily forced enteral nutrition
11.5
7.3
13
13
TK800
NOMESCO Finland
Hemodialysis
33.0
7.3
9
*
T81.4
ICD-10 Finland
Infection following a procedure, not elsewhere classified
4.6
7.3
20
53
N10
ICD-10 Finland
Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis
4.2
7.2
23
69
Z00.4
ICD-10 Finland
General psychiatric examination, not elsewhere classified
4.5
7.1
20
54
L04AD02
ATC
tacrolimus; systemic
15.5
7.1
11
8
B03BA03
ATC
hydroxocobalamin; parenteral
9.0
6.9
14
18
E86
ICD-10 Finland
Volume depletion
18.6
6.9
10
6
GA4YT
NOMESCO Finland
Puncture of pleura with ultrasound guidance
18.6
6.9
10
6
A12AX
ATC
Calcium, combinations with vitamin D and/or other drugs
3.3
6.8
44
208
127
Kela drug reimbursment
Transplant complication
13.8
6.8
11
9
JN3BD
NOMESCO Finland
Extensive abdominal CT
4.8
6.7
17
42
JN3AA
NOMESCO Finland
Abdominal X-ray examination without contrast
7.0
6.7
16
27
A11CC03
ATC
alfacalcidol; systemic
15.9
6.6
10
7
EBA15
NOMESCO Finland
Extraction of multiple teeth
10.5
6.5
12
13
Z94.0
ICD-10 Finland
Kidney transplant status
19.8
6.4
9
5
138
Kela drug reimbursment
Severe anaemia associated with chronic renal failure
19.8
6.4
9
5
RD210, ,
NOMESCO Finland
8.8
6.4
13
17
UJF32
NOMESCO Finland
Coloscopy
3.3
6.3
33
137
JN1AE
NOMESCO Finland
Ultrasound examination of upper part of abdomen
4.7
6.2
16
40
JN4BD
NOMESCO Finland
Extensive body CT
4.1
6.1
19
55
L04AD01
ATC
ciclosporin; systemic
16.5
6.0
9
6
LabWAS
↥OMOP Concept
People with measurements
Mean N measurements
Mean measured value
(ID) Name
N Cases
N Controls
OR
-log10(p)
cases
controls
cases
controls
unit
-log10(p)
N cases
N controls
51
134
7.78
21.06
17.0
10.0
1.08
1.19
mmol/l
1.58
51
126
26
53
6.57
13.14
2.1
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
38
111
5.30
12.96
22.7
7.8
103.21
104.13
mmol/l
0.35
38
111
36
115
4.63
10.73
2.7
1.6
1631.76
1248.12
nmol/l
1.52
30
82
29
86
4.56
9.36
24.6
7.2
23.98
23.85
mmol/l
0.09
29
86
18
25
8.78
8.50
2.3
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
37
142
3.79
8.26
4.4
2.9
2.13
2.35
g/l
0.97
37
129
18
40
5.41
8.08
19.5
6.8
0.60
0.63
%
0.13
18
40
18
40
5.41
8.08
19.5
6.8
1.22
1.39
%
0.26
18
40
18
48
4.47
6.48
4.9
3.6
82.83
69.89
ml/min/173m2
—
6
18
34
146
3.18
6.09
1.9
1.8
478.41
494.34
pmol/l
0.09
29
123
45
230
2.98
5.90
9.1
4.0
0.00
0.00
estimate
-0.00
17
76
12
19
7.14
5.29
1.5
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
20
67
3.58
5.24
4.9
3.6
—
—
—
0
0
22
79
3.39
5.18
16.6
7.1
—
—
—
0
0
13
24
6.17
5.15
1.7
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
58
359
2.85
5.05
5.3
3.1
—
—
estimate
—
0
0
15
42
4.11
5.02
1.7
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
31
139
2.91
5.02
5.7
4.1
2.80
0.72
e6/l
1.01
25
74
13
25
5.92
5.00
1.7
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
24
95
3.11
4.81
4.9
4.6
10.95
6.70
umol/l
0.28
19
86
20
72
3.31
4.67
3.6
1.8
1.93
1.39
%
1.39
20
64
7
5
15.04
4.66
1.4
1.8
90.43
110.40
pmol/l
—
7
5
13
29
5.08
4.46
3.5
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
14
34
4.70
4.45
5.1
12.8
79.36
95.41
%
1.73
14
34
63
423
2.77
4.42
9.5
4.4
0.00
0.00
estimate
-0.00
18
83
29
134
2.75
4.37
3.2
2.1
—
—
—
0
0
24
101
2.90
4.29
2.6
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
51
319
2.45
4.01
2.9
2.1
89.16
100.66
pmol/l
0.87
30
147
61
415
2.57
3.97
9.6
4.3
0.00
0.00
estimate
-0.00
19
85
10
19
5.80
3.96
1.6
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
62
426
2.58
3.94
9.6
4.3
0.00
18.04
estimate
0.49
19
90
23
101
2.74
3.77
3.2
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
12
30
4.47
3.77
3.2
2.4
—
—
—
0
0
50
317
2.36
3.72
9.1
3.9
0.00
0.00
estimate
-0.00
16
71
34
182
2.43
3.72
9.9
4.3
1.02
1.02
kg/l
0.49
23
120
12
31
4.32
3.66
4.9
2.6
—
—
—
0
0
11
26
4.69
3.65
2.1
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
21
91
2.72
3.51
50.2
14.4
25.59
24.54
mmol/l
0.82
21
91
11
28
4.34
3.43
3.7
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
11
28
4.34
3.43
3.7
2.0
66.40
127.80
au/ml
—
5
15
9
19
5.15
3.34
1.8
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
33
186
2.25
3.12
5.9
2.9
—
—
—
0
0
9
22
4.44
2.97
2.1
2.5
—
—
—
0
0
9
22
4.44
2.97
2.3
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
6
9
7.06
2.91
1.3
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
10
28
3.90
2.89
3.3
2.1
—
—
—
0
0
10
29
3.76
2.79
5.9
4.1
212.80
185.41
%
—
10
29
20
96
2.41
2.69
30.7
9.2
5.04
5.11
kpa
0.15
20
90
8
22
3.89
2.43
1.4
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
41
274
1.94
2.34
5.3
4.1
15.29
32.56
ng/l
1.51
36
195
7
18
4.13
2.30
2.6
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
7
19
3.91
2.20
3.3
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
6
14
4.52
2.19
2.0
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
61
478
1.92
2.04
8.1
3.8
82.89
45.37
u/l
1.07
56
460
23
137
1.92
1.78
6.4
4.1
6.83
1.79
e6/l
0.63
18
72
6
18
3.50
1.78
3.0
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
7
26
2.84
1.62
1.6
1.4
189.86
378.23
mu/l
—
7
26
6
21
2.99
1.53
1.3
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
5
17
3.05
1.38
1.2
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
5
17
3.05
1.38
1.0
1.1
0.63
0.77
g/l
—
5
17
5
20
2.59
1.16
2.2
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
5
20
2.59
1.16
2.2
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
81
746
2.24
1.16
47.9
17.5
28.09
23.98
mg/l
0.66
75
611
5
22
2.35
1.05
1.8
1.9
602.80
2.40
e6/l
—
5
15
7
35
2.09
1.02
3.4
2.4
5.46
19.73
iu/l
—
7
29
0
28
0.00
0.99
0.0
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
9
52
1.81
0.96
2.3
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
8
42
1.99
0.91
1.8
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
6
29
2.15
0.91
2.2
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
6
33
1.88
0.80
1.2
1.6
32.33
38.23
u/l
—
6
28
5
24
2.15
0.76
1.8
1.9
34757.20
273.56
e6/l
—
5
18
9
57
1.64
0.74
1.9
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
5
26
1.98
0.72
2.4
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
0
20
0.00
0.61
0.0
1.5
—
52.22
—
0
20
29
245
1.28
0.43
7.4
3.3
0.06
0.00
estimate
0.48
17
70
8
59
1.39
0.42
1.3
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
27
227
1.27
0.41
1.7
1.7
0.84
1.61
u/ml
—
10
50
0
15
0.00
0.41
0.0
1.2
—
5.22
—
0
9
0
18
0.00
0.40
0.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
5
36
1.41
0.39
1.8
1.4
0.20
0.20
g/l
—
5
36
68
642
1.27
0.35
33.1
16.2
91.08
80.54
ml/min/173m2
4.23
62
587
68
647
1.23
0.29
5.9
4.5
1.23
1.24
mmol/l
0.04
63
597
17
144
1.22
0.24
4.3
4.7
21.83
21.48
%
—
9
64
5
42
1.20
0.22
1.6
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.3
—
1.83
—
0
6
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
6
49
1.24
0.20
1.7
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
12
141
0.83
0.18
1.3
1.4
1.11
7.98
u/ml
—
7
51
22
200
1.13
0.14
6.1
3.3
298.41
331.99
umol/l
0.95
22
171
17
156
1.11
0.09
1.4
1.3
10.18
25.08
iu/ml
—
6
58
16
173
0.91
0.07
1.4
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
51
500
1.05
0.03
3.0
3.5
—
—
—
0
0
11
117
0.93
0.02
1.8
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
7
78
0.89
-0.00
2.0
2.4
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.2
—
10.98
—
0
6
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
20.32
—
0
6
0
7
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.3
—
26.77
—
0
7
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
7.06
—
0
5
0
9
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
7
69
1.02
-0.00
2.0
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
7
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
Mortality – FinRegistry
↥Association
Association between endpoint E4_MARAKWASH and mortality.
Females
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| E4_MARAKWASH | 5.458 [2.91, 10.24] | < 0.001 |
| Birth year | 0.993 [0.98, 1.0] | 0.121 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 139 out of 423 females with E4_MARAKWASH died.
Males
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| E4_MARAKWASH | 5.927 [2.85, 12.32] | < 0.001 |
| Birth year | 0.986 [0.98, 1.0] | 0.003 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 143 out of 376 males with E4_MARAKWASH died.
Mortality risk
Mortality risk for people of age
years, who have E4_MARAKWASH.| N-year risk | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.551% | 1.038% |
| 5 | 3.196% | 6.602% |
| 10 | 7.482% | 16.39% |
| 15 | 14.462% | 28.837% |
| 20 | 23.039% | 44.041% |
Relationships between endpoints
↥Index endpoint: E4_MARAKWASH – Marasmic kwashiorkor
GWS hits: -
Endpoint
Case Overlap
Survival Analysis
Genetic Correlations
Genetic Signals
N (Jaccard index)
HR [CI]
rg [CI]
Hits
Coloc Hits
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinnGen
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