kwashiorkor: A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning 'displaced child'. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Endpoint definition
↥Report an error or suggest an improvement for this endpoint codes
Endpoint definition steps |
FinnGen |
|---|---|
Phenotype data |
557745 |
1. Apply sex-specific ruleNone |
557745 |
2. Check conditionsNone |
557745 |
3. Check pre-conditions, main-only, mode, registry filtersRegistry filters:
2 out of 7 registries used, show all original rules. |
63 |
4. Check minimum number of eventsNone |
63 |
5. Include endpointsNone |
63 |
6. Filter based on genotype QC (FinnGen only) |
59 |
Control definitions (FinnGen only)
- Control exclude
- E4_MALNUTRITION
Extra metadata
- Level in the ICD hierarchy
- 3
- First used in FinnGen datafreeze
- DF2
- Parent code in ICD-10
- E40-E46
- Name in latin
- Malnutritio gravis ex deficientia proteinica
Similar endpoints
↥List of similar endpoints to
Kwashiorkor
based on the number of shared cases.
Similar with more cases:
- Malnutrition
- Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
- Any event in hilmo or specialist outpatient
Similar with less cases:
None
Case counts by codes
↥
Summary Statistics
↥-FinRegistry-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | |||
| Whole population | 708 | 362 | 337 |
| Only index persons | 543 | 277 | 266 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | |||
| Whole population | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Only index persons | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Median age at first event (years) | |||
| Whole population | 50.60 | 49.94 | 50.91 |
| Only index persons | 39.10 | 35.23 | 43.14 |
-FinnGen-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | 59 | 28 | 31 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Median age at first event (years) | 44.74 | 32.23 | 56.03 |
-FinRegistry-
Age distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Age distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Year distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Year distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Cumulative Incidence Function
No data
-FinnGen-
Cumulative Incidence Function
No data
CodeWAS
↥CodeWAS is a tool for exploring the associations between an endpoint and all of the medical codes and drug codes.
This is a new tool, please reach out using the contact form for feedback and improvement ideas.
First, a cohort is built by matching controls to the endpoint cases using year of birth and sex. Then, a Fisher test is done for all the medical codes and drug codes between the cases and controls of this cohort. Codes are reported in the table below if they have −log10(p-value) ≥ 6.
Matched cohort
- Matched cases
- 60
- Matched controls
- 600
Code
Vocabulary
Description
Odds Ratio
-log10(p)
N matched cases
N matched controls
E40
ICD-10 Finland
Kwashiorkor
+∞
34.8
30
*
26899
ICD-8 Finland
Nutritional marasmus
+∞
19.9
18
*
26910
ICD-8 Finland
Other nutritional deficiency, Malabsorption syndrome, unspecified
+∞
6.4
6
*
SPAT1217
SPAT
Assessment of need for services (elderly/care support)
7.6
6.1
14
23
LabWAS
↥OMOP Concept
People with measurements
Mean N measurements
Mean measured value
(ID) Name
N Cases
N Controls
OR
-log10(p)
cases
controls
cases
controls
unit
-log10(p)
N cases
N controls
16
56
3.53
4.00
4.0
6.9
3.72
0.89
mmol/l
—
10
45
36
206
2.87
3.83
2.5
2.0
93.33
97.29
pmol/l
0.25
24
114
16
60
3.27
3.57
2.7
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
39
241
2.77
3.45
10.5
6.4
1.21
1.21
mmol/l
0.06
33
207
16
63
3.10
3.28
2.7
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
19
86
2.77
3.04
2.7
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
8
19
4.69
2.79
1.6
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
6
11
5.92
2.61
1.2
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
7
17
4.51
2.44
1.4
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
15
67
2.65
2.42
7.3
5.2
1.09
1.06
mmol/l
0.17
15
60
5
8
6.69
2.42
1.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
5
8
6.69
2.42
1.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
5
9
5.94
2.26
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
32
210
2.12
2.12
8.4
4.0
33.32
35.74
g/l
1.61
32
199
6
19
3.39
1.71
1.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
20
122
1.96
1.52
3.5
2.2
2.34
3.03
mg/l
0.82
20
111
6
22
2.91
1.47
2.5
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
36
281
1.70
1.15
7.2
4.1
0.00
0.00
estimate
-0.00
11
67
10
52
2.11
1.14
5.1
3.8
—
—
—
0
0
24
169
1.70
1.12
4.0
2.6
54.21
57.30
u/l
0.12
24
159
36
283
1.68
1.11
7.1
4.1
0.00
0.00
estimate
-0.00
11
69
12
69
1.92
1.06
7.9
6.5
103.00
103.78
mmol/l
0.19
12
69
5
22
2.38
1.05
1.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
44
369
1.72
1.02
4.7
4.6
14.49
14.82
pmol/l
0.35
39
341
36
288
1.63
0.99
7.2
4.1
0.00
0.00
estimate
—
10
61
7
37
2.01
0.97
6.7
2.8
0.84
1.56
%
—
7
37
29
222
1.59
0.95
7.9
4.0
0.44
0.00
estimate
—
9
59
24
176
1.61
0.93
3.2
3.4
35.88
31.43
u/l
0.31
24
165
10
57
1.91
0.90
1.9
2.0
1.75
1.27
%
—
10
48
21
153
1.57
0.82
4.9
3.9
31.81
8.68
mg/mmol
0.74
15
104
5
23
2.28
0.78
1.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
50
447
1.71
0.76
5.4
5.3
2.04
1.92
mu/l
0.35
45
407
7
111
0.58
0.66
6.0
2.1
—
—
—
0
0
22
171
1.45
0.62
8.2
3.2
0.00
0.02
estimate
—
8
56
8
53
1.59
0.61
18.5
8.8
—
—
—
0
0
6
34
1.85
0.61
1.7
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
23
182
1.43
0.59
5.1
2.9
—
—
—
0
0
32
272
1.38
0.53
6.8
6.4
15.69
11.78
umol/l
0.40
32
257
44
478
0.70
0.49
27.5
14.6
78.35
81.29
ml/min/173m2
0.34
39
446
5
31
1.67
0.44
3.2
9.0
1.02
0.66
%
—
5
31
5
33
1.56
0.42
3.6
8.6
1.36
1.67
%
—
5
33
5
33
1.56
0.42
13.4
1.9
22.32
24.52
mmol/l
—
5
33
24
203
1.30
0.38
2.0
1.9
1.03
1.40
mmol/l
2.75
19
169
6
86
0.66
0.36
1.7
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
7
53
1.36
0.32
2.0
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
19
159
1.29
0.32
7.7
4.4
0.00
0.00
estimate
—
10
58
7
56
1.28
0.31
2.1
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
9
74
1.25
0.27
1.6
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
25
223
1.21
0.23
3.4
2.5
—
—
estimate
—
0
0
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
39
411
0.85
0.17
41.2
20.3
332.03
332.17
g/l
0.04
39
411
5
46
1.09
0.10
1.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
14
154
0.88
0.09
4.2
4.0
16.37
21.78
%
—
6
72
50
488
1.15
0.08
5.3
5.0
4.56
4.64
mmol/l
0.21
45
449
50
489
1.13
0.06
31.2
15.6
18.43
23.40
mg/l
0.68
42
408
32
314
1.04
0.00
4.0
3.2
—
—
—
0
0
15
147
1.03
0.00
5.7
2.8
0.21
0.25
e6/l
0.16
15
108
0
7
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
0
8
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.4
—
15.80
—
0
5
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
2.4
—
1.40
—
0
5
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.6
—
6.84
—
0
5
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
7
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
3.4
—
10.30
—
0
5
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
3.4
—
4.56
—
0
5
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
8
0.00
-0.00
0.0
3.6
—
87.34
—
0
8
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
4.6
—
—
—
0
0
Mortality – FinRegistry
↥Association
Association between endpoint E4_KWASHIORKOR and mortality.
Females
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| E4_KWASHIORKOR | 3.646 [2.07, 6.42] | < 0.001 |
| Birth year | 0.996 [0.99, 1.0] | 0.332 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 72 out of 146 females with E4_KWASHIORKOR died.
Males
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| E4_KWASHIORKOR | 3.065 [1.53, 6.16] | 0.002 |
| Birth year | 0.987 [0.98, 1.0] | 0.009 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 75 out of 143 males with E4_KWASHIORKOR died.
Mortality risk
Mortality risk for people of age
years, who have E4_KWASHIORKOR.| N-year risk | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.411% | 0.628% |
| 5 | 2.095% | 3.623% |
| 10 | 4.87% | 9.362% |
| 15 | 9.43% | 16.697% |
| 20 | 16.387% | 26.306% |
Relationships between endpoints
↥Index endpoint: E4_KWASHIORKOR – Kwashiorkor
GWS hits: -
Endpoint
Case Overlap
Survival Analysis
Genetic Correlations
Genetic Signals
N (Jaccard index)
HR [CI]
rg [CI]
Hits
Coloc Hits
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinnGen
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